Highlighting
In each of the tables, participant haplotypes are compared to the modal haplotype in the second row of the table (below the row with marker names), and all differences are highlighted in different colors depending on how many steps of difference there may be at the highlighted marker. Except in Groups 6, 8 and 9, participant haplotypes are highlighted where they differ from the "Ewing modal haplotype." You can read about how modal haplotypes are constructed in
Modal Haplotypes
and in
Y-DNA Project Article 3
.
The fact that we have used the shorthand label "Ewing" in the tables to identify the Ewing modal haplotype is in no way intended to imply that Ewing men who do not match it closely are somehow not genuine Ewings.
The Results Tables for Groups 6, 8 and 9 have different modal haplotypes that have been especially constructed for each of these groups. In these three tables, the second row has the Ewing modal haplotype, and both the Ewing modal and the participants' haplotypes are highlighted where they differ from the specific group modals. In Group 6, we have constructed a modal haplotype for just this group of men. In Group 8, we have used the Atlantic modal haplotype (the most common R1b haplotype) as characterized by
John McEwan
In Group 9, we have constructed a modal for just this group.